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DSP · Audio

Audio & Acoustics Toolbox

Eight instruments for when air, electricity, and mechanics have to agree. Each is a bench, not a demo — built to make invisible physics visible: how a box stiffens a resonance, how a coil leaves a gap, how a cone forgets it is a piston, how a room piles bass into corners, how heat turns into compression, how a pole-zero pair sings.

Independent research instrument — not claimed as MakerPortal shipped product code. Methods, equations, assumptions, and limitations are disclosed so you can inspect what the page does and does not establish.

Choose a tool

Each tool opens as its own page with shareable URLs, focused controls, and detailed method notes. Nothing runs in the background — open only what you need.

Acoustics Calculators

Wavelength, SPL, RT60, delay — the numbers you reach for daily

Bench-ready math: wavelength, SPL summation, RT60 Sabine vs Eyring, critical distance, port tuning, Helmholtz resonance, speed of sound vs temperature. No fluff — just formulas turned into sliders.

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RT60 Calculator

Sabine and Eyring side by side, and where they part

Reverberation time from room size and average absorption, both formulas at once, plus the Schroeder frequency that says which half of the spectrum the number applies to and the critical distance where the room beats the source.

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Helmholtz Resonator Calculator

A spring made of air — cavity, neck, one frequency

Resonant frequency from cavity volume and neck geometry, with the flanged end correction that moves the answer about 10% and that most calculators silently omit. Corrected and uncorrected shown side by side.

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Speaker Port Length Calculator

Tuning frequency in, length to cut out

Port length for a vented box from volume, diameter and target tuning, end correction removed. Prints port air velocity so you know whether it will chuff, and names the minimum diameter when the port is too narrow to reach the tuning at all.

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Room Mode Calculator

Where bass piles up and why your room lies

Rectangular eigenfrequencies, axial/tangential sorting, Schroeder frequency, pressure anti-nodes. Modal density collapses below Schroeder — you hear the room, not the speaker.

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Pole-Zero Plot Tool

Drag poles, hear the math bite

Z-plane is destiny: poles inside unit circle stable. Drag pairs → magnitude, phase, group-delay. RBJ export, Web Audio audition.

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Speaker Box Calculator

Box as spring, port as mass — Thiele-Small alignment

Compliance ratio sets Qtc and fc. Butterworth 0.707, Bessel 0.577. QB3/SBB4/SC4 via Small 1973. Hoffman Iron Law: small, deep, loud — pick two.

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Driver Nonlinearity Lab

Bl(x), Kms(x), Le(x) — why sine out ≠ sine in

Motor force, suspension stiffness, inductance modulation. Even vs odd harmonics from Taylor expansion, THD, Klippel-style visualization.

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Speaker Power Compression

Power in, heat stays, SPL sags

Thermal RC: coil tau vs magnet tau. Resistance rises with temperature, current falls, SPL compresses. Copper turns into a limiter.

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Acoustic Horn Calculator

Webster flare — exponential, conical, oblate spheroidal

Horn profile from the 1D Webster equation. Cutoff follows the flare rate; mouth circumference sets the frequency below which the horn stops loading and starts radiating like an open pipe.

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Speaker Cone Breakup Simulator

Piston to chaos — bending waves win

Bending stiffness, dispersive wave speed, modal patterns with Bessel functions, breakup scales with sqrt(E/ρ)/diameter.

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Frontier instruments, not demos

Loudspeaker design is multiphysics. Electrical current makes force, force fights suspension and air load, cone bends, room stores energy, copper heats and fights back. This toolbox splits that chain into eight focused benches where you can turn one knob and see consequence instantly — no background simulation, no hidden state.

Electrical ↔ Mechanical

Pole-Zero + Nonlinearity Lab

Every filter is a pole-zero placement: H(z)=(1qkz1)(1pkz1)H(z)=\frac{\prod(1-q_k z^{-1})}{\prod(1-p_k z^{-1})}

Drag a pair, magnitude and group-delay tilt. Then meet the motor: Bl(x)Bl(x) droop clips force, Kms(x)K_{ms}(x) cubes displacement, Le(x)Le(x) modulates current. Taylor a2x22fa_2x^2 \to 2f, a3x33fa_3x^3 \to 3f. One bench shows linear dream, the next why it fails at power.

Volume ↔ Mass

Speaker Box Calculator + Acoustics Calculators

Thiele-Small: two springs, one mass. Compliance α=VasVb\alpha=\frac{V_{as}}{V_b} sets Qtc=Qts1+αQ_{tc}=Q_{ts}\sqrt{1+\alpha} and fc=fs1+αf_c=f_s\sqrt{1+\alpha}. Vented adds Helmholtz fbf_b.

Hoffman η0Vbf33=const\eta_0 V_b f_3^3 = const → small / deep / loud — pick two. Calculators give λ=c/f\lambda=c/f, Sabine T60=0.161V/AT_{60}=0.161V/A, port Lp=c2Sp4π2fb2Vb0.732rpL_p=\frac{c^2S_p}{4\pi^2f_b^2V_b}-0.732r_p.

Piston ↔ Breakup

Cone Breakup + Acoustic Horn Calculator

Low kaka → piston. Bending stiffness B=Et312(1ν2)B=\frac{Et^3}{12(1-\nu^2)} sets cb=(Bρh)1/4ωc_b=\left(\frac{B}{\rho h}\right)^{1/4}\sqrt{\omega}.

Modes wmnJm(αmnr/R)cosmθw_{mn}\propto J_m(\alpha_{mn}r/R)\cos m\theta. Breakup fbreakupE/ρDf_{breakup}\propto\frac{\sqrt{E/\rho}}{D}. Waveguide mouth kaka must hold pattern: OSWG S=S0(1+(x/a)2)S=S_0(1+(x/a)^2) CD, exponential S=S0emxS=S_0e^{mx} beams.

Energy storage

Room Modes + Thermal Compression

Room fmodes=c2(nx/Lx)2+(ny/Ly)2+(nz/Lz)2f_{modes}=\frac{c}{2}\sqrt{(n_x/L_x)^2+(n_y/L_y)^2+(n_z/L_z)^2}. Below Schroeder fs=2000T60/Vf_s=2000\sqrt{T_{60}/V} modes isolated — you hear room.

Thermal: Re(T)=Re0(1+αcuΔT)R_e(T)=R_{e0}(1+\alpha_{cu}\Delta T), drop 10log10(Re0/Re)10\log_{10}(R_{e0}/R_e). Heat is final compressor.

How to use — 3 rules

1. Start frozen.

Each tool opens at a known-good state. Watch 5 seconds. See default fbf_b, QtcQ_{tc}, coherence, Bl(x)Bl(x) bell.

2. One knob, one effect.

Move DD and fbreakup1/Df_{breakup}\propto1/D. Change VbV_b and α\alpha shifts fcf_c. Add β\beta and 2nd harmonic rises. Causal chain is lesson.

3. Read the bottom.

Every tool has 4–5 frontier notes: hook, intuition, math, playbook, honesty. Honesty tells where model stops — no FEA, no BEM, no Klippel rig. That boundary is part of instrument.

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The instrument, captured—not illustrated.

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Audio & Acoustics Toolbox — live MakerPortal instrument screenshot
Canonical capture · real UI · no generated scientific artwork