Gemma 3 1B Instruct memory requirements

1000M parameters — 1.9 GiB of weights at FP16, 576 MiB at Q4_K_M, and 26.0 KiB of KV cache per token on top. Solved against 22 real accelerators; 22 of them can hold it.

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Parameters

1000M

999,885,952 exactly

Weights, Q4_K_M

576 MiB

1.9 GiB unquantized

KV cache

26.0 KiB

per token · 26L × 1 KV × 256

Smallest card (Q4)

8 GB

Jetson Orin Nano Super (8GB)

Weights at each precision

Precision	Bits/weight	Weights	Source	Notes
FP16 / BF16	16.00	1.9 GiB	measured file	Unquantized. Two bytes per parameter, exactly.
Q8_0	8.50	1013 MiB	nominal	Effectively lossless; the usual reference point for quantized quality.
Q6_K	6.56	782 MiB	nominal	Quality loss is hard to measure on most benchmarks.
Q5_K_M	5.67	676 MiB	nominal	A middle point when Q4 fits with too little room for context.
Q4_K_M	4.83	576 MiB	nominal	The default choice for local inference — the best size/quality knee.
Q3_K_M	3.91	466 MiB	nominal	Measurable quality loss. Worth it only to make a model fit at all.

Every accelerator

Largest quant that fits with at least 4k of context, the context it leaves, and the bandwidth ceiling on decode speed. Each row links to the worked page for that pairing.

Accelerator	Memory	Bandwidth	Best quant	Max context	Ceiling
Apple M3 Ultra (512GB)	512 GB	819 GB/s	FP16 / BF16	32,768	401 tok/s
H200 141GB (SXM)	141 GB	4800 GB/s	FP16 / BF16	32,768	2347 tok/s
Apple M4 Max (128GB)	128 GB	546 GB/s	FP16 / BF16	32,768	267 tok/s
H100 80GB (SXM5)	80 GB	3350 GB/s	FP16 / BF16	32,768	1638 tok/s
A100 80GB (SXM)	80 GB	2039 GB/s	FP16 / BF16	32,768	997 tok/s
Jetson AGX Orin (64GB)	64 GB	204.8 GB/s	FP16 / BF16	32,768	100 tok/s
RTX 6000 Ada Generation	48 GB	960 GB/s	FP16 / BF16	32,768	469 tok/s
L40S	48 GB	864 GB/s	FP16 / BF16	32,768	423 tok/s
Apple M4 Pro (48GB)	48 GB	273 GB/s	FP16 / BF16	32,768	134 tok/s
A100 40GB (SXM)	40 GB	1555 GB/s	FP16 / BF16	32,768	760 tok/s
GeForce RTX 5090	32 GB	1792 GB/s	FP16 / BF16	32,768	876 tok/s
GeForce RTX 4090	24 GB	1008 GB/s	FP16 / BF16	32,768	493 tok/s
Radeon RX 7900 XTX	24 GB	960 GB/s	FP16 / BF16	32,768	469 tok/s
GeForce RTX 3090	24 GB	936 GB/s	FP16 / BF16	32,768	458 tok/s
Apple M4 (24GB)	24 GB	120 GB/s	FP16 / BF16	32,768	59 tok/s
GeForce RTX 5080	16 GB	960 GB/s	FP16 / BF16	32,768	469 tok/s
GeForce RTX 5070 Ti	16 GB	896 GB/s	FP16 / BF16	32,768	438 tok/s
GeForce RTX 4080 SUPER	16 GB	736 GB/s	FP16 / BF16	32,768	360 tok/s
GeForce RTX 4070 Ti SUPER	16 GB	672 GB/s	FP16 / BF16	32,768	329 tok/s
GeForce RTX 4060 Ti 16GB	16 GB	288 GB/s	FP16 / BF16	32,768	141 tok/s
GeForce RTX 3060 12GB	12 GB	360 GB/s	FP16 / BF16	32,768	176 tok/s
Jetson Orin Nano Super (8GB)	8 GB	102 GB/s	FP16 / BF16	32,768	50 tok/s

Questions about this model

How much VRAM does Gemma 3 1B Instruct need?

1.9 GiB for the weights at FP16 and 576 MiB at Q4_K_M, from an exact count of 999,885,952 parameters. On top of that, the KV cache costs 26.0 KiB per token of context — 43 MiB at 8k and 139 MiB at 32k, less than linear because 22 of 26 layers stop growing at a 512-token window.

What is the smallest GPU that runs Gemma 3 1B Instruct?

Of the 22 accelerators here, the smallest that holds Q4_K_M weights is the Jetson Orin Nano Super (8GB) at 8 GB — 576 MiB of weights against 6.0 GiB usable, leaving room for 32k tokens. For unquantized weights you need at least a Jetson Orin Nano Super (8GB).

Why is the KV cache for Gemma 3 1B Instruct the size it is?

Because it stores one key and one value vector per token, per layer: 26 layers × 1 KV head × 256 dimensions × 2 (K and V) × 2 bytes = 26.0 KiB per token. Grouped-query attention shares those 1 KV heads across 4 query heads, cutting the cache by 4× against multi-head attention. None of this can be read off the parameter count.

Compare with

Method and limits. The parameter count and every architecture figure on this page are read from the model's own published config and the Hub's index over its tensor shapes, fetched 2026-08-07 — nothing here is recalled from a model's name. Weight bytes are the size of a real published file wherever one exists and the parameter count times the published llama.cpp bits-per-weight where it does not; every row says which. Speed figures are roofline bounds — memory bandwidth divided by bytes read per token — not benchmarks. Nothing on this page is written by a language model.