100 × 50 mm solenoid
On-axis magnetic field of an air-core solenoid 100 mm across and 50 mm long, solved from its geometry alone. 11.24 µT at the centre per amp-turn; the field holds within 1% of that over 10.2 mm of the axis and falls to 0.791 of it at the coil mouth.
Centre field
11.24 µT / A·turn
B = µ0·N·I / sqrt(L² + D²), exactly linear in turns × current
µ0·n·I overstates by
123.6%
the infinite-solenoid shortcut predicts 25.13 µT per amp-turn here
Within 1% of centre
10.2 mm
20.5% of the winding length
Closed form usable from
3 turns
below this a discrete winding is more than 1.0% from the current-sheet value
Field along the axis
Measured from the centre of the winding, per amp-turn. Positive and negative z are symmetric, so only one side is listed. The bar is the field as a fraction of the centre value.
| z from centre | Field per A·turn | Fraction of centre | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.0 mmcentre | 11.24 µT | 1.000 | |
| 6.3 mm | 11.07 µT | 0.985 | |
| 12.5 mm | 10.59 µT | 0.942 | |
| 18.8 mm | 9.83 µT | 0.875 | |
| 25.0 mmcoil mouth | 8.89 µT | 0.791 | |
| 37.5 mm | 6.76 µT | 0.602 | |
| 50.0 mm | 4.84 µT | 0.430 | |
| 75.0 mm | 2.35 µT | 0.209 |
What it takes to reach a field
The centre field is exactly linear in the product of turns and current, so this is a column rather than a second set of pages: 500 turns at 2 A and 100 turns at 10 A are the same row. Wire gauge, resistance and the heat all that current makes are not on this page — the geometry is.
100 amp-turns
1.12 mT
500 amp-turns
5.62 mT
1,000 amp-turns
11.24 mT
5,000 amp-turns
56.20 mT
The coil with the same centre field
Swap the two dimensions and the centre field does not move at all — the closed form sees them only through sqrt(L² + D²), which is symmetric. Everything else does move, and that is the whole reason both orderings get their own page.
| Coil | Centre field / A·turn | At the mouth | Within 1% over |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100 × 50 mm (this page) | 11.24 µT | 0.791 × centre | 10.2 mm |
| 50 × 100 mm | 11.24 µT | 0.542 × centre | 20.1 mm |
Questions this coil answers
What is the magnetic field inside a 100 × 50 mm solenoid?
11.24 µT at the centre of the winding, per amp-turn, solved as B = µ0·N·I / sqrt(L² + D²). The field scales exactly with the product of turns and current, so 11.24 mT at 1,000 amp-turns — 500 turns at 2 A, or 100 turns at 10 A, give the same number. This is an air core: no ferromagnetic material is assumed anywhere on this page.
How wrong is µ0·n·I for a 100 × 50 mm coil?
It overstates the centre field by 123.6%. The infinite-solenoid shortcut predicts 25.13 µT per amp-turn against the finite coil's 11.24 µT, and the whole difference is the factor 1/sqrt(1 + (D/L)²) that the infinite form drops. This coil is short and wide at an aspect ratio of 0.50 (length ÷ diameter), and the shortcut gets worse the shorter and fatter the coil is.
How uniform is the field along the axis of a 100 × 50 mm solenoid?
The on-axis field stays within 1% of its centre value over 10.2 mm — 20.5% of the 50 mm winding — and within 5% over 23.2 mm. At the mouth of the coil it has fallen to 0.791 of the centre value. A long solenoid tends to exactly 0.5 there; a short one keeps much more, because both ends of a short winding are close to the point being measured.
How many turns does a 100 × 50 mm coil need before the closed-form field is trustworthy?
3 turns. Below that the winding is a stack of separated rings rather than a sheet of current, and the closed form is out by more than 1.0%. At that count the discrete sum lands 0.9% from it, and it stays inside the band out to 9 turns. This is checked against an independent Biot–Savart sum over the individual turns, not against the same formula rearranged.
Does another coil size give the same field as a 100 × 50 mm one?
Yes — a 50 × 100 mm coil has exactly the same centre field of 11.24 µT per amp-turn, because the closed form depends on the two dimensions only through sqrt(L² + D²), which is symmetric in them. Everything else differs: that coil holds 0.542 of its centre field at its own mouth against this one's 0.791.
One dimension different
Step one axis at a time. The centre field moves with the diagonal of the two dimensions, so a change in the larger one moves it more.
Method and limits. The on-axis field is the current-sheet solenoid solved in closed form: B(z) = (µ0·n·I/2)·[(L/2 - z)/sqrt(R² + (L/2 - z)²) + (L/2 + z)/sqrt(R² + (L/2 + z)²)], which at the centre reduces to µ0·N·I / sqrt(L² + D²). The model is a uniform cylinder of azimuthal current, so it assumes an air core (µr = 1 — a ferromagnetic core multiplies the field by an effective permeability that depends on the core's own shape and is not computable from the winding), a single layer of closely spaced turns, and no end plates or return path. Only the axis is solved: off-axis the field is lower near the mouth and the radial component is not zero. The turn-count floor is measured against an independent Biot–Savart sum over discrete turns rather than against a rearrangement of the same formula. Nothing on this page is fetched, interpolated or recalled; it is solved from the two dimensions in the URL and µ0.