# 2 kHz peaking eq

Boosts or cuts a band around f0 and leaves both ends of the spectrum at unity. Solved at 8 sample rates, with the poles, the real −3 dB point and the word length it stops working at.

Canonical page: https://makerportal.ai/lab/biquad/peaking/2000-hz
Page title: 2 kHz Peaking EQ Biquad Coefficients — RBJ cookbook

This markdown document and the HTML page above are rendered from the same solved values at build time, by the same functions. Nothing here is written by a language model and nothing is fetched at request time.

## Key figures

- **Filter:** 2 kHz peaking EQ filter — Q = 1.0000, gain +6 dB
- **Gain at f0 (2 kHz):** +6.00 dB — exact at every sample rate — the bilinear transform maps this value, not just the frequency
- **Pole radius at 48 kHz:** 0.9122214 — conjugate pair at ±14.07°, 0.0878 from the circle
- **−3 dB point:** 1238.0 Hz — 0.619× f0 at Q = 1.0000
- **Peak of the magnitude response:** +6.00 dB at 2.02 kHz — evaluated on the unit circle, not sketched
- **Group delay at f0:** 0.113 ms
- **16-bit fixed point:** holds — largest pole 0.9122244 in Q1.14
- **Coefficients at 48 kHz:** b0 = 1.083528, b1 = -1.769719, b2 = 0.748619, a1 = -1.769719, a2 = 0.832148 — a0 normalised to 1

## Coefficients, at every sample rate

The cookbook computes w0 = 2πf0/Fs, so the same filter is a different set of numbers at every rate. Rates whose Nyquist limit is at or below 2 kHz are absent because the filter does not exist there — equivalently, the f₀/Nyquist column never reaches 100%. That is why this table is 8 rows and a 20 Hz page is 8.

| Sample rate | b0 | b1 | b2 | a1 | a2 | Pole r | f0/Nyquist |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8 kHz | 1.260194 | -0.000000 | 0.216940 | -0.000000 | 0.477134 | 0.690749 | 50.0% |
| 16 kHz | 1.199241 | -1.131102 | 0.400379 | -1.131102 | 0.599620 | 0.774352 | 25.0% |
| 22.1 kHz | 1.159600 | -1.413875 | 0.519680 | -1.413875 | 0.679280 | 0.824185 | 18.1% |
| 32 kHz | 1.118734 | -1.627323 | 0.642667 | -1.627323 | 0.761401 | 0.872583 | 12.5% |
| 44.1 kHz | 1.090072 | -1.745648 | 0.728928 | -1.745648 | 0.818999 | 0.904986 | 9.1% |
| 48 kHz | 1.083528 | -1.769719 | 0.748619 | -1.769719 | 0.832148 | 0.912221 | 8.3% |
| 96 kHz | 1.043953 | -1.895321 | 0.867722 | -1.895321 | 0.911675 | 0.954817 | 4.2% |
| 192 kHz | 1.022520 | -1.950561 | 0.932226 | -1.950561 | 0.954746 | 0.977111 | 2.1% |

## What word length this filter survives

All five coefficients are rounded to one shared scale, which is what a q15/q31 biquad section does with its post-shift. Pole radius is solved from the quadratic, not taken as sqrt(|a2|) — once rounding pushes the poles onto the real axis those two disagree, and the convenient one reports a comfortable margin on a filter that has already left the unit circle.

| Word format | Q format | Largest pole | sqrt of abs(a2) says | Stable | Worst error in band |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| float64 | — | 0.9122214 | 0.9122214 | yes | reference |
| float32 | — | 0.9122214 | 0.9122214 | yes | 0.0000 dB |
| 32-bit fixed | Q1.30 | 0.9122214 | 0.9122214 | yes | 0.0000 dB |
| 24-bit fixed | Q1.22 | 0.9122214 | 0.9122214 | yes | 0.0000 dB |
| 16-bit fixed | Q1.14 | 0.9122244 | 0.9122244 | yes | 0.0020 dB |

## Questions this page answers

### What are the biquad coefficients for a 2 kHz peaking EQ filter at 48 kHz?

b0 = 1.083528, b1 = -1.769719, b2 = 0.748619, a1 = -1.769719, a2 = 0.832148, with a0 normalised to 1 — the RBJ Audio EQ Cookbook form at Q = 1.0000 and +6 dB of gain. Every other sample rate in the table above gives different numbers for the same filter, because w0 = 2πf0/Fs and every cosine and sine downstream of it moves.

### Is a 2 kHz peaking EQ filter stable in 16-bit fixed point?

Yes. Rounding the five coefficients to a shared 1.14 scale leaves the largest pole at 0.9122244, against 0.9122214 exact, and the response drifts by at most 0.002 dB inside the band. 24-bit takes that to 0.0000 dB.

### Where is the real −3 dB point of a 2 kHz peaking EQ filter?

1238.0 Hz, which is 0.619× the 2 kHz corner. f0 and the −3 dB point are the same frequency only at Q = 1/√2; this page is designed at Q = 1.0000, and the Q sweep above shows the point moving from 4713.8 Hz to 2111.0 Hz across the sweep while f0 never moves.

### How close to the unit circle are the poles of a 2 kHz peaking EQ filter?

0.9122214 at 48 kHz, as a conjugate pair at ±14.07°. Pole radius rises toward 1 as the corner frequency falls relative to the sample rate — the same filter at 192 kHz sits at 0.9771109 and at 8 kHz at 0.6907492. That distance is the whole story of the fixed-point table: a pole a few parts in 10⁵ from the circle has nowhere to be rounded to.

## Method and limits

Coefficients follow the RBJ Audio EQ Cookbook, the bilinear transform of the analog prototype prewarped so the corner lands exactly on f0 — which is why +6.00 dB at 2 kHz holds at every sample rate in the table rather than only at low f0/Fs. Shelves fix the slope at S = 1, matching Web Audio's BiquadFilterNode, so Q is not read for those two types. Pole and zero radii are the roots of the quadratic, not sqrt(|a2|). The fixed-point rows model a single shared coefficient scale and no other quantisation: they say nothing about signal-path headroom, limit cycles or the accumulator width your implementation uses, all of which can make a filter that passes this table still misbehave. Nothing on this page is fetched or estimated — it is solved from the type and the frequency in the URL.

## Related tool

[Biquad Filter Designer](https://makerportal.ai/lab/biquad-filter-designer) — Interactive RBJ-cookbook biquad designer — pick a type, corner, Q and gain and hear the filter while reading its coefficients, poles and magnitude response.

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Source: MakerPortal — https://makerportal.ai/lab/biquad/peaking/2000-hz. Free to quote and cite with attribution and a link to the canonical page.